Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries Study Point

Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries

Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries

 1.Tractor Drawn Disc Plough 

Function	For primary tillage and is especially useful in hard and dry, trashy, stony or stumpy land conditions and in soil where scouring is a major problem.
Specifications
Number of furrows	2- 4
Disc size	600-800 mm
Length	1180-2362 mm
Width	889-1194 mm
Height	1092-1118 mm
Width of cut per disc	200-300 mm
Adjustable working width	600-1200 mm
Working depth	up to 300 mm
Power requirement	25-50 hp, tractor
Weight	236-376 kg
General Information
The disc angler angles from 40 to 45 to obtain the desired width of cut and the tilt angle ranges from 15 to 250 for penetration. The discs of the plough are made of high carbon steel or alloy steel and the edges are hardened and sharpened. Scrapers prevent soil build up in the discs in sticky soils.

 2.Tractor Mounted Disc Harrow 

Function	For primary and secondary tillage.
Specifications
Type	Tractor mounted
Number of disc	10-16
Length	1980-2260 mm
Width	1150-1900 mm
Height	1143-1350 mm
Diameter of discs	457-660 mm
Pitch of discs	228-280 mm
Capacity	2.5 ha/day
Power requirement	20-60 hp, tractor
Weight	330-490 kg
General Information
The tractor mounted disc harrow consists of two gangs of discs mounted one behind the other. The discs on the front gang throw soil outward and the rear gang inward. Therefore, no soil remains uncut by the offset disc harrow. Discs are important component of the harrow and are made from high carbon steel or alloy steel;

 3.Spring Tyne Cultivator 

 4.Rigid Tyne Cultivator 

 

 5.Tractor Drawn Ridger 

Function	for making furrows and ridges for sugarcane, cotton, potato and other row crops.
Specifications
Type	Tractor drawn
Number of base	2-5
Row spacing	Adjustable 610 to 860 mm
Length	1000-2000 mm
Width	600-2000 mm
Height	1000-1100 mm
Capacity	2 ha/day
Power requirement	30-50 hp, tractor
Weight	150-230 kg
General Information
The share point is made from medium carbon steel or low alloy steel.  The soil mass between furrows forms a ridge. The depth of operation is controlled by hydraulic system of the tractor.

Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries

 6.Post Hole Digger – Tractor Operated 

Function	To dig holes for planting tree saplings
Specifications
Type	Screw auger type
Overall dimensions (L x W x H)	2390 x 840 x 1430 mm
Auger diameter	450 mm
Diameter of hole,	450 mm
Cost of equipment, Rs.	65,000 mm
Fuel used	Diesel
Maximum depth of operation	900 mm
Labor required	1 operator, 1 helper
Power requirement	35 hp, Tractor
Weight	240 kg
Cost of operation Rs ha-1	3200 (for owned tractor), 7244 (for hired tractor)
Capacity	90 pits / ha
Power transmission system (Indicate speed at different points)	Gear box transmission ratio- 1:2

 7.Rotovator    

      

Function	For use in dry as well as wet land cultivation
Specifications
Type	Tractor operated
Power source	35 hp or above, Tractor
Length	1760-2080 mm
Width	950-1050 mm
Height	935-1110 mm
Working width of rotavator	1000-2000 mm
Shape of blade	L-Shape
Thickness of blade	7-10 mm
Diameter of rotor shaft	70-90 mm
Rotor diameter	420-435 mm
Revolution of rotor shaft	210-237 rpm
Weight	280-415 kg

 8.Seed cum Fertilizer Drill 

Function	For sowing of groundnut, pulses and other cereal crops in already prepared field.
Specifications
Type	Tractor operated
Power source	35 hp, tractor
Length	1940-2310 mm
Width	970-1560 mm
Height	1070-1350 mm
Seed metering mechanism	Fluted roller or Bhadson type
Fertilizer metering mechanism	Gravity feed or corrugated roller type
Power transmission	Through chain and sprockets
Number of furrow opener	9-13
Furrow opener	Reversible shovel
Seed box capacity	66241-10308 cm3
Fertilizer box capacity	63310-10141 cm3
Weight	224-328 kg
General Information
The seed cum fertilizer drill machine consists of seed box, fertilizer box, seed metering mechanism, fertilizer metering mechanism seed tubes, furrow openers, seed rate adjusting lever and transport cum power transmitting wheel. By shifting the rollers sideways, the length of the grooves exposed to the seed, can be increased or decreased and hence the amount of seed sown is changed. The seed cum fertilizer drill is popular in northern region of the country.

 9.Naveen Dibbler 

Function	For sowing of bold seeds such as peas and also for gap filling in rows
Specifications
Type	Manually operated
Weight	2.5 kg
Capacity	300- 400 hills/ h
General Information
.All the parts are made from mild steel except seed roller, which is fabricated from good quality wood. For its operation, the dibbler is held in both hands and jaws are pushed into the soil to the desired depth at an angle of 20 degrees with vertical.

 10.Manually Operated Fertilizer Broadcaster 

Function	For broadcasting granular fertilizers like urea, DAP etc in the field uniformly.
Specifications
Type	Manually operated
No of fins	8
Shape of metering hole	Circular
Hopper bottom shaped	Cone
Length	280 mm
Width	410 -415 mm
Height	440-450 mm
Hopper Capacity	12-15 kg
Power requirement	One person
Weight	3.8 -10 kg
General Information
It consists of a hopper with tapered bottom, with a side slope of about 46 degrees. The gear ratio between the handle and the spreading disc is 1:8.4. A metered quantity of the fertilizer through adjustable opening falls on the disc, which spreads uniformly due to centrifugal force. Machine is mounted on the shoulders and is operated at a forward speed of about 2.0 km/h.

Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries

 11.Self  Propelled Power Weeder 

Function	For weeding and intercultural operations in upland row crops like groundnut, maize, soybean, pigeon pea, etc.
Specifications
Type	Self propelled
Overall dimensions	2300 x 1000 x 850 mm
Engine	3 hp petrol- start- kerosene-run
Chassis	70 x 70 mm box section chassis
Wheels	Two steel lugged drive wheels of 500 mm diameter and 110 mm width mounted on hexagonal shaft. Tread width adjustment from 400 to 650 mm.
Weeding tool	120 and 150 mm V-shaped, 900 sweep blades
Weight	100 kg
General Information
The spacing between sweeps is easily adjusted by sliding the tynes on tool mounting bar to suit the crop row spacing. The tynes are adjusted according to the row spacing of the crop and depth of operation.

 12.Wheel Hoe 

  13.Hand Operated Sprayers/ Dusters 

Function	It is ideal for small nurseries, rose plants, kitchen gardens and spraying wettable insecticides and fungicides.
Specification
Type	Manually operated
Diameter of the tank	130 mm
Height	210 mm
Weight	1.2 kg
General Information
The hand sprayer is a small capacity pneumatic sprayer. It consists of chromium plated brass tank having a capacity of 0.5 to 3 litres (one litre is more common) which is pressurized by a plunger pump. The air pump remains inside the tank. For spraying, the tank is usually filled to three-fourths capacity and pressurized by air pump. For spraying wettable powders the sprayer is shaken frequently to prevent settling of the chemical.  The pump assembly is made of brass and operated by one person.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 14.Power Tiller Mounted Orchard Sprayer 

Function	For spraying of foliage, in orchard crops like pomegranate, orange, sweet lime and grapes.
Specification
Type	Power tiller operated
Power source	12-14 hp, power tiller
Discharge	36 lit./min
Speed	950 rpm
Pressure	30-35 kg/cm2
Drive	Clutch pulley
Tank capacity	200 lit
Number of nozzles	6
Nozzle spacing	325
General information
It generates droplets of 100-150 micron sizes. Depending upon the plant size and their row spacing, the orientation of booms can be adjusted.

 15.Hand Rotary Duster 

Function	For control of pests and diseases by use of chemicals in the dust forms in nursery, vegetable gardens, field crops, tea and coffee plantations, green houses, glasshouses and godowns.
Specification
Type	Manually operated
Overall length	280 mm
Overall width )	330 mm
Overall height	330 mm
Weight	3.5 kg
Hopper capacity	5 Lit.
Field capacity	0.6 ha/ day (for field crops)
General information
The hand rotary duster is available in two models, shoulder mounted and belly mounted.  For operation, the hopper is filled 1/2 to 3/4th of the capacity of the hopper.

Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries

 16.Foot Sprayer 

Function	The foot sprayer is all purpose sprayer, suitable for both small and large scale spraying on field crops, in orchards, vegetable gardens, tea and coffee plantations, rubber estates, flower crops, nurseries etc
Specification
Type	Foot operated
Overall length	440 mm
Overall width	170 mm
Overall height	980 mm
Weight	10 kg
Pressure developed	14-18 kg/cm2
Field capacity	1 (with one lance) and 1.5-2.0 (with two lances) ha/ day
General information
The foot sprayer is one of the ideal and versatile sprayers used for multipurpose spraying jobs The pump barrel, lance and the spray nozzle are made from brass alloy. For operation the inlet pipe is placed in the storage container and one person continuously operates the pump by foot lever. There is a provision for the operator to hold the sprayer at the top by V-type fixture. The other person directs the lance to the target. For spraying tall trees up to a height of 10 m, a high jet or bamboo lance can be used.

 17.Improved Sickles of Different Designs 

Function	The sickle is general purpose harvesting hand tool. It is used for the harvesting of vegetables, cereal crops and cutting of the grass and other vegetative matters.
Specification
Type	Foot operated
Overall length	260-420 mm
Overall width	145-200 mm
Overall height	25-75 mm
Weight	150-400 gm
Blade thickness	1.5-4 mm, tapered to the cutting edge
Length of cutting edge	130-210 mm
Hardness of the cutting edge	37-46 HRC
General information
It consists of curved steel edged blade fixed to the wooden handled the cutting edge may be plain or serrated depending upon the design.  The blade is fabricated from medium carbon or high carbon steel and hardened to resist wear. Manganese steel, tool and alloy steel can also be used to produce better quality sickles which have more than the sickles fabricated from the plain carbon steel.

 18.Bhendi Plucker 

Function	For plucking of bhendi (ladies finger) from plant.
Specification
Overall length	140 mm
Overall width	95 mm
Capacity	50 kg/day
Weight	0.15 kg

  19.High Capacity Multicrop Thresher 

Function	For threshing of wheat, maize, soybean, sorghum, sunflower, pigeon pea, gram, mustard and other similar crops.
Specification
Length x Width x Height	3420 x 2430 x 2330 mm
Power Requirement	35 hp, Tractor or 20 hp Electric motor
Cylinder	Spike tooth type 700 mm dia and 960 mm length
Concave	7,9 and 25 mm gap between square bars
Sieves	Three (5, 9 and 11 mm)
Cylinder speed	200-500 rpm
Blower speed	800-900 rpm
Shaker speed	350 rpm
Feed roller speed	145 rpm
Weight	1200 kg
General information
The high capacity multi-crop thresher consists of a spike tooth cylinder, three-aspirators, cleaning sieves and feeding system. The beaters or spikes on the threshing cylinder hit the crop and the impact causes detachment of grains from the ear heads of the crop. The straw  and some unthreshed grains move around the cylinder. The rubbing action between the straw, threshing drum and concave threshes the rest of grains and the straw is broken in the form of chaff. Threshed grains, chaff and other foreign matters pass through the concave openings and fall on the oscillating sieve assembly. The aspirators suck and blow out the chaff and lighter impurities through outlet. Cleaning sieves further separate the heavy straw, bigger impurities, clean grain, broken grain through oscillating motion of sieve assembly. The secondary inlet of blower does final cleaning and clean grain is obtained at the main grain outlet.

 20.Power Operated Coconut Dehusker 

Function	For dehusking of coconut
Specification
Stationary concave width	250 mm
Rotating drum width	250 mm
No of rollers	2
Size of roller	280 x 955 mm
Number of teeth on rollers	15
Frame (L x W x h)	1020 x 380 x 970 mm
Length of knives	12 mm
Power source	3 hp,  Electric motor
General information
The machine is used for dehusking of coconut.  The electric motor (3 hp) with 10: 1 speed reduction unit is used to drive the drum. The power is transmitted from motor to reduction unit using V -belt .

Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries

 21.Manual Fruit Harvester 

 

Function	For harvesting of fruits.
Specification
Type	Manual single  person
Overall length	400 mm
Overall width	290 mm
Capacity	65 kg/h
Weight	0.45 kg
General information
The tool is suitable for harvesting peach, pear and orange. Its field capacity is 250-300 fruits /man-h.

 22.Seed Treating Drum 

Function	It is used for thorough mixing of chemicals like Agroson and Sirason with seeds before sowing as a plant protection measure.
Specification
Power Source	One person
Dimensions (l x w x h )	0.90 x 0.70 x 0.40 mm
Drum size, diameter x length	300 x 600 mm
Weight	25 kg
General information
It consists of a drum mounted on a frame at 400 with horizontal and operated manually by a crank handle. It is used for thorough mixing of chemicals like Agroson and Sirason with seeds before sowing as a plant protection measure. It saves 33 per cent labour, operating time and cost of operation over conventional method of mixing manually with hand. It costs Rs 1200/- and its cost of operation is Rs 1.7 /kg.

Farm Machinery & Commercially Machineries