Tractor Study Content For Competitive Exam

Tractor Study Content For Competitive Exam

Tractor Study Content For All Competitive Exam

Tractor:- Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for  operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers. 

 History Of Tractor Development

 Classification Of Tractors 

Tracto.r can be classified into three classes on the basis of structural design

1. Wheel tracto.r
2. crawler tracto.r
3. walking type tracto.r

1.Wheel tractor:- Tractors having three or four pneumatic wheels are called wheel tracto.r. Four wheel tracto.r are popular everywhere.

Classification of Wheel Type Tractor

On the basis of purpose, wheeled tractors are classified into three groups

1. General purpose tracto.r
2. Row crop tracto.r
3. Special purpose tracto.r

a) General purpose tracto.r:- It is used for major farm operations such as ploughing, sowing, harvesting and transporting works. Such tractors have

• Low ground clearance
• Increased engine power
• Good adhesion
• Wide tyres

b) Row crop tractors:- It is used for row crop cultivation.

• Such tractor is provided with replaceable driving wheels of different tread widths.
• It has high ground clearance to save damage of crops.
• Wide wheel track can be adjusted to suit inter row distance.

c) Special purpose tractor:- It is used for definite jobs like cotton fields, marshy lands, hill sides, garden etc. special designs are there for special purpose tractor. Example-

• Tractor with winch unit
• Multi drive tractor
• Tractor for golf grounds etc.

2.Crawler tractor:- This type is also called Track-type tracto.r, tracto.r crawler, or track-laying vehicle tracto.r. In such tracto.r, there is endless chain or track in place of pneumatic wheels.

Crawler tractor  or chain type tractor has the following characterizes

1. It is designed to secure good adhesion and transmit high drawbar pull in difficult field conditions, where wheel tractors fail to secure adequate grip on the soil.
2. It provides large area of contact with the ground.
3. It is useful at places where adhesion is difficult and rolling resistance is high.
4. It is most suited for heavy work, specially earth moving work and reclamation work.
5. It is used for all types of agricultural works with heavy implements.

3.Power tiller:-  Power tiller is a walking type tractor. This tracto.r is usually fitted with two wheels only. The direction of travel and its controls for field operation is performed by the operator, walking behind the tracto.r.

 Power Tiller 

Uses of Power Tiller

• For puddling operation in paddy fields- using rotary tines.
• For cutting and pulverizing the soil in dry lands and in garden lands.
• For cutting and pulverizing the stubbles of sugarcane, maize and cotton.
• For sowing and inter-cultivation works
• For spraying of orchard trees.
• For transporting purposes.

 Famous power tiller in India 

Note:- Pressure of power tiller tyre – 1.1 to 1.4 kg/cm²

Selection of tractor

1. On the basis of land holding:- Under a single cropping pattern, it is normally recommended to consider 1 hp for every 2 hectare of land. In other words , one tractor 20-25 hp is suitable for 40 hectare farm.

2. On the basis of Cropping pattern:- Generally 1.5 hectare/hp has been recommended where adequate irrigation facility are available and more than one crop is taken. So a 30-35 hp tractor is suitable for 40 hectare of land.

3. On the basis of Soil condition:-  A tractor with less wheel base , higher ground clearance and low overall weight may work successfully in lighter soils but will not be able to give sufficient depth in black cotton soils.

4. On the basis of  Climatic condition:- For very hot zone and desert area, air cooled engines are preferred over water cooled engines. Similarly for higher altitude air cooled engines are preferred because water cooled engines are liable to be frozen at high altitudes.

Important Terms Connected With Tractors

1.Wheel base:- Wheel base is the horizontal distance between the front and rear wheels of a tracto.r.

2.Ground clearance:- It is the height of the lowest point of the tracto.r from the ground surface, the tractor being loaded to its permissible weight.

3.Track:- Track in the distance between the two wheels of the tracto.r on the same axle., measured at the ground contact.

4.Turning space:- It is the diameter of the smallest circle , described by the outer most point of the tractor, while moving at a speed not exceeding 3 km/hr with the steering wheels in full lock.

5.Cage wheels:- It is a wheel or an attachment to a wheel with spaced cross bars for improving traction of the tracto.r in a wet field. It is generally used in paddy field.

Tractor Study Content For All Competitive Exam