Classification of Fungicide
Classification of Fungicide
Fungicides:- These are chemicals used to kill fungi.
Types of Fungicides
(A) Sulphur Fungicide:- It is divided into two types e.g. Elemental sulphur and Lime sulphur.
1. Elemental sulphur:- It is also divided into two parts.
(a) Dust:- it is used as dust @ 25kg/ha.
(b)Wettable powder:- it is more popular and used as spray @ 2.5% eg. Sulfex
2. Lime Sulphur:- It is used as dormant spray.
Sulphur Fungicide | |
Sulphur fungicides are effective against? | powdery mildews. |
Use of sulphur in summer (above 30 °C) may cause injury to melons because of which type nature of cucurbits? | Soft and Alkaline |
(B) Copper compound Fungicides:- e.g. CuSO4
Copper Compound fungicides | |
Which type nature have copper fungicides? | Inorganic |
copper fungicides are effective against? | Both fungi and bacterial diseases. |
(1) Copper Sulphate | |
Copper Sulphate was first of all discovered by Prevost (1807) against which disease? | Bunt disease of wheat. |
(2) Bordeaux mixture | |
Who is (Prof. of botany at Bordeaux University in France 1882) discovered Bordeaux mixture from the mixture of copper sulphate and lime? | PMA Millardet |
It was used against? | Downy mildew of grapes. |
Composition of Bordeaux mixture? | Copper sulphate + lime + water (5: 5: 50: ratio) |
(3) Burgundy mixture /Soda mixture | |
Burgundy mixture is discovered by? | Mason, 1887 |
In this mixture lime is replaced by? | sodium carbonate or washing soda. |
Composition of Burgundy mixture? | Copper sulphate + sodium carbonate + water (5:6:50) |
(4) Chaubattia paste | |
Chaubattia paste is discovered by? | V.B. Singh, 1942 |
This was used as a wound dressing fungicides against disease of apple and pear as? | black stem, brown stem etc |
Composition of Chaubattia paste? | Copper carbonate + red lead + raw linseed oil or linolin (8:8:10) |
Copper oxychloride | |
Damping off and leaf blights are effectively checked by? | Copper oxychloride. |
Who discovered the downey mildew for the first time in India? | EJ Butler |
(C) Dithiocarbamates fungicides | |
It is also known as? | Organic sulphur fungicides |
Which organic fungicide was first to be used commercially? | Spergon |
Thiram | |
Which is first dithiocarbate? | Thiram |
Thiram is mostly used to? | Seed Treatment |
Zineb | |
Which is safe & widely used in soil and as foliar spray mostly for fruit diseases. | Zineb |
Example of Zineb? | Dithane Z-78 |
Maneb | |
Example of Maneb? | Dithane M-22 |
Mancozeb | |
It contains? | Zinc and Mn. |
Which is best and widely used foliar spray fungicide? | Mancozeb |
Example of Mancozeb? | Dithane M-45, Indofil M-45 |
Vapam/Metham-sodium | |
Vapam is mostly used as? | Soil fungicides |
Used for soil sterilization, acting as? | Fungicides, Nematicides & Herbicides. |
Classification of Fungicide
(D) Systemic Fungicide | |
Oxathiin | |
The first systemic fungicide “Carboxin’ was developed by? | Von Schmeling and Kulka in 1966. |
Carboxin/DMO | |
Vitavax is used for the controlling of which disease? | Smut of cereals |
Trade name of Carboxin? | Vitavax |
Specially used against? | loose smut of wheat and Rhizoctonia disease of cotton. |
Oxycarboxin | |
Trade name of Oxycarboxin? | Plantvax |
It is used against? | Rusts of wheat |
It can be used in controlling disease which is related to? | Fungi imperfecti. |
(E) Benzimidazoles | |
It comes under the trade names of? | Benomyl and Bavistin |
It is a superior systemic fungicide which acts as a good | Eradicant and Protectant. |
(F) Phenylamides | |
Metalaxyl M was the superior fungicides itroduced in which year? | 1977 |
Active on oomycetous fungi and inhibit? | rRNA synthesis. |
(G) Organo mercurial | |
It is effective as? | fungicide and bactericide. |
Organic mercurial are basically used as? | Eradicant |
Due to which reason now it is banned in India? | High toxicity |
Example of Organo mercurial? | Agrosan GN, Aretan, Ceresan, Agallol. |
(H) Other fungicides | |
Captan | |
It is used as Seed treatment and soil drenching @ 0.25% for protection against? | Damping off disease. |
Karathane (Dinocap) | |
It is used against which disease of plants? | Powdery mildew diseases |
It is also used for controlling of? | mites |
Antibiotics | |
Which Antibiotics at 100 ppm or more has been found effective against bacterial seed borne pathogen? | Streptomycin |
To reduce the possibility of development of resistant strain in bacteria, streptomycin is mixed with Oxy-tetracycline (Terramycin). This mixture is called? | Agrimycin |
Example of Antibiotics? | Streptomycin, Aureofungin |
Triazoles | |
This is most active on? | powdery mildews, rusts and leaf spot fungi. |
This is important member of? | sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs) |
Fungicides and their trade name | |
Common name | Trade name |
Copper Fungicides | |
Bordeaux mixture | Copper sulphate + lime + water |
Burgandy mixture | lime is replaced by Sodium carbonate or washing soda |
Copper Sulphate | Blue Copper |
Copper oxychloride | Blitox-50, Fytolan |
Organo mercurial | |
Ethyl mercury chloride | Ceresan |
Methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride | Aretan, Agallol |
Phenyl mercury acetate + ethyl mercuric chloride | Agrosan G N |
Benzimidazoles | |
Benlate | Benomyl |
Carbendazim | Bavistin, Derosal |
Dithiocarbamate | |
Maneb | Dithan M-22 |
Mancozeb | Dithan M-45, Indofil |
Zineb | Dithan Z-78 |
Other fungicide | |
Thiram | Arasan, Thiride |
Phthalimides |
Captan |
Dinocap | Karathane, Arathane |
Oxycarboxin |
Plantvax |
Carboxin | Vitavax |
Metalaxyl |
Ridomil, Apron |
Metham N sodium | Vapam |
Azoxystrobin- |
Amistar, Quadris |
Fosetyl Al | Alietle |
Streptomycin + Oxytetracyclin (Terramycin) | Agrimycin |
Most widely used fungicides for control of diseases | |
Vitavax is used against which disease of plants? | Smut |
Plantvax is used against which disease of plants? | Rust |
Sulphur dust is used against which disease of plants? | Powdery mildew |
Metalaxyl is used against which disease of plants? | Downey mildew |
Classification of Fungicide