Mushroom Cultivation Full Information

Mushroom Cultivation

Mushroom:- It is simple form of life, known as fungus. As it lacks chlorophyll it can not produce.

A mushroom is described as the fruiting body of a fungus plant

appears above the ground and contains spores it is this fleshy bracket (fruiting body).

Mostly cultivated Mushrooms in India-

1) Agaricus biporus (White Button / Europian Mushroom)

• Grows well at 16-18°C

2) Pleurotus spp. (Oyster / Dhingri mushroom) 

• Grows under natural condition on trees or Woody branches of trees or saprophytes also known as woody fungus
• The fully spawn run beds should be transferred to cropping room in the thatches shed, where the diffused light.
• Optimum temperature of 23-25° C and relative humidity of 80-85% inside the shed.
• Cultivation of oyster mushroom is usually carried out in transparent polythene covers.

Two species

• i) Pleurotus flabellatus- 30-40°C
• ii) Pleurotus sajarcaja

3) Valvariella vulvaceae (Paddy straw mushroom)

• Also known as chinesae mushroom or Tributary mushroom.
• The cultivation of paddy straw mushroom can be done in a thatched house and also under the shade of a tree.
• Ideal temperature of around 25-35°C and relative humidity of 75-80 %.

4) Calocybe Indica (Milky mushroom) 

• Lentinus edodes known as shiaggu in china and shiitake in Japan. it is second most edible mushroom in the worid.
• Maintain the temperature of 22-25° C and relative humidity of 85-90 % inside the shed.
• Different parts of mushroom-:

1. Pilus (Cap)- 6-8 cm in diameter supported on stalk.
2. Stipe (Stalk)- Also known as stem, 6.8 cm long and 1-1.5 cm thick.
3. Lamellae (Gills)- Present at underside of cap. Spore formation takes place in gills.
4. Volava (Cups)- Present at the base of stalk.
5. Annulus (Veil)- The same portion of vail which form a ring on the stipe.

Poisonous Mushrooms-:

1. Amanita muscariaa
2. Morchella taleciyosa
3. Latiporus sulpurius
4. Hericium erynacius
5. Amanita muscaria
6. Amanita phalloides
7. Hypomyces hyalinu
8. Amanita Ocreata

Preparation Of Mother Spawn-:

• Mushroom fungus grown on a grain based medium.
• Grains are the best substrate for excellent growth of the fungus.
• Disease- free sorghum grains are used as substrate tor growing the spawn materials.

Methods of Spawning-:

• Sufrace spawning
• Layer spawning
• Through spawning.

Preparation of mushroom fungal culture-:

• Preparation of culture media
• Sterilization of glass wares
• Sterilization of worktable and culture room
• Preparation of nucleus culture

Mushrooms must also rely on organic material for their nutrition.

• As saprophytes (living on dead wood or dead tissue of living trees or dung)
• As parasites (attacking living plant or animal tissue)
• As mycorrhizae (having a symbiotic relationship with plants)

Post Harvest Processing-:

Mushrooms are best consumed as fresh. The storage at high temperature results in browning.

Commonly adopted methods are:-

1) Refrigeration/ Instant packing

Immediately after packing they are stored at 5°C in a refrigerator, storage for 3-5 days.

2) Freeze-drying

The mushrooms are sliced and immersed in 0.05% sodium meta bisulphite and 2% common salt solution for 30 minutes.

Then frozen at -12°C for one minute and stored at -20°C and storage for 3-4 months.

3) Dehydration

• Pretreatment
• Drying
• Storage

4) Canning

• Canning is adopted on a very large scale, especially for preservation of button mushrooms.
• For canning purpose, the mushrooms harvested at early stage.

Value edition product of Mushrooms-:

• Mushroom soup powder
• Mushroom Biscuit
• Mushroom Nuggets
• Mushroom ketch-up
• Mushroom candy
• Mushroom preserve (Murabba)
• pickles
• mushroom chips

contribution of Major states in mushroom production-2016-17

Punjab (14%) > Haryana (12%) > Odisha (12%) > Gujrat (9%) > TN (8%)

Diseases of Mushroom

1) Fungai diseaes-

• Soft mildew / covab
• Brown plaster mould (Papulospora byssina)
• Green Cap (Caparinus logopus)

2) Bacterial disease-

• Bacterial Blotch (Pseudomonas forlaunsi)

Mushroom Cultivation

Mushroom Cultivation