Training & Pruning System of Fruits
Training & Pruning System of Fruits
Pruning System:- Pruning may be defined as the art and science of cutting away of portion of plant to improve its shape, to influence its growth, flowering and fruitfulness and to improve the quality of the product. Plant energy is diverted by the Pruning from one part to another part of plant.
Principles of Pruning:-
- In early age of trees are pruned to train for obtain a desired shape.
- Stimulate the flowering in old trees by light heading back.
- Stimulate fresh growth in bearing trees by light pruning. it bearing flower buds on fresh growth
- vigorous restore in old trees by heavy pruning.
- In the pruning all the diseased, weak, dead or shading branches must be removed.
Systems of Prunings:-
- Heading back (light pruning):- Only tops of branches are headed back or cut off
- Thinning out:- Complete removal of a branches or a part from the plant.
- Dehorning:- Cutting away the main limbs or thick major branches from the plant.
- Bulk pruning:- Heavy pruning is done of the tree. For good fruit production.
Training System:- Training means developing a desired shape of the tree with particular objectives by controlling habit of growth. Training is start from nursery stage of plant. Some fruit crops require training like guava, grape vines, Ber, fig, etc.
Principles of Training:-
- Mainframe formation work must be strong. The branches must be suitable spaced apart and the tree must be balanced on all the sides.
- Grow of several branches must be not allow to grow at one place or very near each other.
- Main branches is trained very Carefully.
- In training the two branches are growing at the same point in wider angle because narrow angle is always weak.
System of Training for Fruit Crops:-
- Central Leader:- Central Leader is adopted such types of trees which have a pronounced apical dominance.
- Open Center or vase system:- In this system, the main stem is allowed to grow only up to a certain height by heading within a year of planting and all the subsequent vegetative growth promoted by lateral branches.
- Delayed open centre or Modified Leader System:- This system stands intermediate between the central leader and the open center, combining the advantages of both the system.
- Cordon system:- Cordon system is adopted wherein espalier is allowed with the help of training on wires.
- Training on pergola:- Training on pergola is system of training to support perennial vine crops pergola is developed by a network of criss-cross wires supported by RCC/angle iron poles on which vines are trained. This is common for crops like grape, passion fruit, small gourd, pointed gourd and even peaches.
- Bush system:- An unpruned tree, Which has habit of multi stem and dwarf growing habit.
- Over head trellis or Bower system:- In this training system vines are trained on mandap.
- Modified bower or Telephone system:- It is Similar to bower system except that after every two meter as space is kept to walk and carry out cultural operations.
COMMERCIAL TRAINING SYSTEMS IN FRUITS CROPS
| TRAINING SYSTEMS | EXAMPLES AgriExam.Com |
| Central leader/ Closed centered one | Walnut, pecan, nut, apple, pear, mango and Sapota |
| Open center or vase system | Peach, Japanese plum, nectarine, Guava, apricots and ber |
| Modified leader | European plum, sweet cherry, pear, Apple |
| Bower system /pandal/ arbour/ pergola system | Grapes |
| Espalier System | Apple |
| Cordons | Peach, Grape and passion fruit |
| Single stem system | Citrus, fig |
| Multiple stem system | Pomegranate |
| Two arm kniffin system | Passion fruit |
| Pergola | Grape, Passion Fruit, Small Guard, Pointed guard |
Training & Pruning System of Fruits MCQs
Q.1 Head system of grape training is very popular in?
Tamilnadu
Punjab
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Q.2 Heading back pruning refers to?
- To remove extra and overlapping branches
- To remove terminal portion of all branches
- To remove the flowers only
- To remove flowers and top portion of main trunk
Q.3 In cane system of pruning in grape?
- Half portion of one year old branches is removed
- Only upper portion of last season fruiting spurs are removed
- Both Half portion of one year old branches is removed and Only upper portion of last season fruiting spurs are removed
- None of these
Q.4 In spur system of pruning of grape is?
- The branches are removed from base leaving only 2-3 buds
- Removal of new branches from base
- One year old branches are removed from base
- All of these
Q.5 Most suitable pruning method in apple is?
- Open centre form
- Modified leader system
- Leader system
- All of these
Q.6 Pruning is an essential cultural activity in fruit plants because?
- To provide proper shape
- To provide strong structure
- To beautify the plant
- All of these
Q.7 Pruning of peach should be done in the month of?
- September
- November
- December
- January
Q.8 Pruning of rose should be done in the month of?
- September
- October
- December
- January
Q.9 Root pruning is performed to?
- Increase the C:N ratio in the plant
- Increase the fruiting
- Remove some smaller roots
- All of these
Q.10 The optimum time of pruning in grape in north India is?
- January-February
- August-September
- June-July
- October-November
Q.11 Training of fruit trees means?
- Remove few unwanted branches to make plant more beautiful and strong
- Remove few flowers
- Remove and cut few roots
- None of these
Q.12 Which crop requires every year regular pruning?
- Mango
- Ber
- Banana
- Papaya
Q.13 Which of the training is considered more suitable?
- Closed centered system
- Open centered system
- Modified leader system
- All of these
Q.14 Which of the training system of grape is considered most important?
- Head system
- Trellis system
- Pergola system
- single stake system
Q.15 Object of pruning is?
- Training of young trees
- Maintenance of growth of trees
- Bringing vigour on old trees
- All of the above
Q.16 Most suitable time for root pruning of mango tree is?
- May-June
- July-August
- Novemeber-December
- February March
Q.17 Pergola system of grape training is very popular in?
- Tamilnadu
- Punjab
- Uttar Pradesh
- Maharashtra
Training & Pruning System of Fruits
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